Ikwi-avareji yendoda endala kukho malunga ne-5 quarts (4.75 litre) yegazi, eyenziwe malunga ne-3 quarts (2.85 litre) ye-plasma kunye ne-2 quarts (1.9 ilitha) yeeseli.
Iiseli zegazi zixhonywe kwiplasma, eyenziwe ngamanzi kunye nezinto ezinyibilikisiweyo, kubandakanya iihomoni, izilwa-buhlungu, kunye nee-enzymes ezithwalwa kwizicubu, kunye neemveliso zenkunkuma zeselula ezithwalwa emiphungeni nasezintso.
Iiseli ezinkulu zegazi zihlelwa njengeeseli ezibomvu (i-erythrocytes), iiseli ezimhlophe (i-leukocytes), kunye neeplatelet (i-thrombocytes).
Iiseli ezibomvu ziyimizimba eethe-ethe, engqukuva, ene<em>hemoglobin, umchiza ontsonkothileyo othwala ioksijini nekharbon diokside.
IHemolysis yenzeka xa inwebu ebhityileyo ekhuselayo evale iiseli ezibomvu eethe-ethe igqabhuka, nto leyo evumela ukuba ihemoglobin ibaleke iye kwiplasma.I-Hemolysis inokubangelwa kukuphathwa kakubi kwe-specimen yegazi, ukushiya i-tourniquet ixesha elide (okubangela i-blood stasis) okanye ukucinezela incam yomnwe kakhulu ngexesha lokuqokelela i-capillary, i-dilution, ukuvezwa kwizinto ezingcolileyo, ubushushu obugqithisileyo, okanye iimeko ze-pathologic.
Eyona njongo yeeseli ezimhlophe kukulwa nosulelo.Kumntu ophilileyo, iiseli ezimhlophe ziphendula kwizifo ezincinci ngokunyuka kwinani kunye nokuphelisa iintsholongwane.IiPlatelets ngamaqhekeza amancinci eeseli ezikhethekileyo ezinceda ekubambeni kwegazi.
I-plasma okanye i-serum inokohlulwa kwiiseli zegazi nge-centrifugation.Umahluko obalulekileyo phakathi kwe-plasma kunye ne-serum kukuba i-plasma igcina i-fibrinogen (icandelo le-clotting), ekhutshwa kwiserum.
I-Serum ifunyanwa kwigazi elihlwili elingaxutywanga ne-anticoagulant (ikhemikhali ethintela ukujika kwegazi).Emva koko eli gazi lihlwiliyo liba yi-centrifuged, livelisa i-serum, equlethe iindidi ezimbini zeprotini: ialbumin neglobulin.I-Serum idla ngokuqokelelwa kwi-mottled ebomvu / engwevu, igolide, okanye iityhubhu ezibomvu ze-cherry, kunye neetyhubhu ezibomvu zisetyenziswa ngamaxesha athile.
I-Plasma ifunyenwe kwigazi eliye laxutywa kunye ne-anticoagulant kwi-tube yokuqokelela kwaye, ngoko ke, ayiqini.Emva koko eli gazi lixutyiweyo lisenokuba likhulu, livelise iplasma, enealbumin, iglobulin, nefibrinogen.
Kukho izinto ezininzi ezidibanisayo (i-factor VIII, factor IX, njl.njl) ezibandakanyekayo kwi-clotting yegazi.Iindidi ezininzi ezahlukeneyo ze-anticoagulants ziphazamisa umsebenzi wale miba ukuthintela ukujika.Zombini i-anticoagulants kunye ne-preservatives zingafuneka kwi-plasma specimens.I-anticoagulant echaziweyo okanye i-preservative kufuneka isetyenziswe kuvavanyo oluyalelweyo.Ikhemikhali ikhethwe ukugcina uphawu oluthile lomzekelo kunye nokusebenza ngendlela esetyenziselwa ukwenza uvavanyo.Igazi eliqokelelwe kunye ne-anticoagulant enye efanelekileyo kuvavanyo oluchaziweyo lunokungajongwa njengelifanelekile kwezinye iimvavanyo.Ngenxa yokuba izongezo zingatshintshi, kuyafuneka ukuba kujongwe icandelo leemfuno zesampula zovavanyo lomntu ngamnye ukuze kumiselwe iimfuno ezifanelekileyo zokuqokelela kuvavanyo oluyalelweyo.
